Human modification of Earth's systems and the geographic dimensions of environmental change. Covers climate change science (greenhouse effect, feedback loops, p
Earth systems science covering plate tectonics, landforms, erosion, biomes, hydrosphere, atmospheric circulation, and the interactions among lithosphere, hydros
Study of human activities, spatial patterns, and social processes on Earth's surface. Covers population and migration, cultural diffusion and landscapes, urbani
Map design, spatial analysis, and Geographic Information Systems. Covers map projections and their distortion trade-offs, coordinate systems, thematic mapping t
Spatial dimensions of political power, state sovereignty, territorial conflict, borders, international governance, and critical geopolitics. Covers classical ge
Field observation, data collection, and research methods for geographic inquiry. Covers site selection and sampling strategies, field observation techniques (la
Verify claims by tracing to primary sources, checking recency, and assessing credibility. Trigger with "verify this claim", "fact check", "is this true", or "ch
Use this Skill for historical GIS: georeferencing historical maps with GDAL, digitizing boundaries, temporal territory change overlays, and historical populatio
How to perform geospatial analysis using GeoPandas. Use this skill whenever the user mentions maps, coordinates, geospatial distance, plate boundaries, earthqua
Use when performing quality assurance or quality control on geo data before analysis, sharing, or publishing. Covers vector validity, attribute consistency, ras